“Polythene A Disaster” is Chapter 7 from Tulip Series English for students of Class 8th of JKBOSE. Today, in this post I am providing you Polythene A Disaster Class 8 Summary and Word Meanings. In a previous post, you read about Polythene A Disaster Class 8 Question Answers. You will find the complete Summary and Word Meanings of Chapter Polythene A Disaster in this post. Let’s get started with this post:
Polythene A Disaster Class 8 Summary and Word Meanings
Introduction
Rakesh, a student of 5th standard, visited his uncle’s house with his parents and found a heap of dirt in polythene bags stinking nearby the house. It started a conversation about polythene and its effects on human health and the environment. The chapter is all about the conversation between Rakesh, Rohit (Rakesh’s cousin), Rakesh’ Father and his uncle. It is included in the curriculum to make students aware of the harmful effects of polythene.
Polythene A Disaster Class 8 Word Meanings
Word | English Meaning | Hindi Meaning | Urdu Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
Stink | Bad smell | बदबू | بدبو |
Synthetic | A substance made through artificially done chemical process | रासायनिक रूप से बनाया गया | کیمیاوی طور پر بنانا |
Resin | A thick sticky substance that is produced by some trees | राल | رال |
Polymer | Chemical substance composed of large molecules made from many smaller and simpler molecules | बहुत से एक जैसे जिनमें एक सी अनेक इकाइयाँ हो | کثير سالمی مرکب |
Ethylene | A colourless, inflammable gas in coal gas | बिना रंग के जाने वाली गैस | بے رنگین آگ پکڑنے والی گیس |
Residue | The part that is left behind | अवशेष | باقیات |
Biodegradable | Able to decay naturally | प्राकृतिक तौर पर नष्ट होने वाला | قدرتی طور پر ناکارہ ہونا |
Infertility | Barrenness | अनुपजाऊता, बांझपन | بانجھ پن |
Sewerage | The system of carrying away wastewater and human waste from houses through large underground pipes or passages | गंदे नाले | زمینی دوز نالیان |
Moderate | Neither small nor large | मध्यम | میانه روی |
Myriad | A large number of something | असंख्य | ہزارہا |
Ecosystem | Plants, animals and humans living in an area together with their surroundings, considered as a system of relationships | पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र | ماحولیاتی نظام |
Biomagnification | Growing concentration of a toxic substance in the tissues of organisms in a food chain | जैव आवर्धन | بایومیگنیفیکیشن |
Trophic | Relating to nutrition | पौष्टिकता संबंधी | غذائیت سے متعلق |
Debris | Broken pieces of something larger | मलबा | ملبہ |
Organic | Coming from living plants and animals | कार्बनिक | نامیاتی |
Marine | Related to the sea | समुंदर का | سمندر کا |
Bryozoans | Minute mollusc animals living together in moss | दलदल में रहने वाले पशु | دلدل میں رہنے جانور |
Barnacle | A kind of sea creature | एक प्रकार का समुद्री जीव | ایک قسم کی سمندری مخلوق |
Polychaetes | A class of sea worms | समुद्री कीड़े का एक वर्ग | سمندری کیڑے کی ایک کلاس |
Crab | A sea animal with five pairs of legs | केकड़ा | کیکڑا |
Mollusk | An animal with soft body often covered with a shell, usually living in water | नरम शरीर अक्सर एक खोल से ढका होता है, आमतौर पर पानी में रहता है | نرم جسم اکثر ایک خول کے ساتھ احاطہ کرتا ہے ، عام طور پر پانی میں رہتا ہے |
Alien | Foreign | विदेशी | اجنبی |
Carcinogen | Cancer-causing substance | कैंसर कारक तत्व | کینسر کارک عنصر |
Leach out | Pass on to | घुल कर बह जाना | پر منتقل |
Contaminate | Make impure | दूषित करना | آلودہ کرنا |
AIDS | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: a serious disease caused by a virus which destroys the immune system of human beings | ||
Thrombosis | Formation of a blood clot in a vessel | नाड़ी में खून का थक्का जमना | نبض میں خون جمنا |
Retard | To make something slower | धीमा करना | رفتار کم کرنا |
Non-permeability | The condition of not allowing gases or liquids to go through | गैर-पारगम्यता | غیر پارگمیتا |
Stray | Of an animal without a shelter or an owner | भटका हुआ | آوارہ |
Veterinary | Connected with taking care of the health of animals | पशु चिकित्सा | جانوروں کے علاج |
SRO | Statutory Rules and Orders | ||
Posterity | Future generations | भावी पीढ़ी | مستقبل کی نسلوں |
Polythene A Disaster Class 8 Summary in English
The chapter is a conversation about polythene and its impact on human beings, animals, soil and the environment. Rakesh, Rohit (Rakesh’s cousin), Rakesh’s father and Rakesh’s uncle.
The first question that Rakesh asked his uncle was why there was so much stink outside the house. Rakesh’s Uncle told him it was because of the dirt in the polythene bags.
Rakesh wanted to know about polythene and its discovery. Rakesh’s uncle told him that polythene is a tough, light flexible synthetic resin made by polymerizing ethylene, mainly used for plastic bags and other packaging items. It was discovered by a German scientist, Hans von Pechman, accidentally. He was unaware of the material’s significance at that time.
Rakesh and his cousin Rohit wanted to know why there were so many polythene bags. Rakesh’s father told them that polythene bags were cheap and easy to carry and also easy to dispose of by throwing them away. It is due to this reason they are widely used.
They were hardly found during the 1960s or 70s but according to reports in Srinagar, approximately two lakh polythene bags are used every day for everyday activities.
Rohit asked Rakesh’s father whether polythene bags were biodegradable. Rakesh’s father told him that polythene bags were non-biodegradable. We cannot even burn them because it causes air pollution.
Rohit also asked about the harmful effects of polythene. Rakesh’s father answered that polythene is harmful to us in many ways. It causes diseases like malaria, and cholera and increases the infertility of soil. It blocks sewerage and water pipes, causing floods. It also causes several problems for plants and animals living in and under water because rivers, lakes and small streams have become dumping sites for polythene bags.
It upsets ecological balance by entering the food chains through biomagnification. Polythene is a petroleum product and is suspected to be a cancer-causing agent. Polythene can also cause AIDS and thrombosis.
Rohit asked about the effect of polythene pollution on the soil. He answered that polythene was a non-biodegradable and impermeable substance and remain in the soil for a long time. It damages the ecosystem of soil by retarding the carrying capacity of soil and cutting off respiration of the soil system which affects plant life and other creatures living in the soil.
Rakesh asked about how animals got affected using the polythene. His father answered that polythene bags on the roads are often eaten by stray animals which can cause their death. About one billion marine animals die each year due to polythene pollution.
At last, Rakesh asked why the government has banned its use. His father answered that governments of several countries have already banned the use of polythene. The government of Jammu and Kashmir has also made a law (Vide SRO-182, dated 18/6/2008) by which its use has been banned within the State. But it is also the responsibility of the people to completely avoid its use so that we can save ourselves and our future generations from the harmful effects of polythene.
Polythene A Disaster Class 8 Summary in Hindi
यह अध्याय पॉलीथिन और मनुष्य, पशु, मिट्टी और पर्यावरण पर इसके प्रभाव के बारे में एक बातचीत है। राकेश, रोहित (राकेश का चचेरा भाई), राकेश के पिता और राकेश के चाचा।
राकेश ने सबसे पहला सवाल अपने चाचा से पूछा कि घर के बाहर इतनी बदबू क्यों है। राकेश के चाचा ने उसे बताया कि पॉलीथिन की थैलियों में गंदगी के कारण ऐसा हुआ है।
राकेश पॉलीथिन और उसकी खोज के बारे में जानना चाहता था। राकेश के चाचा ने उन्हें बताया कि पॉलिथीन एक सख्त, हल्का लचीला सिंथेटिक रेजिन है, जो एथिलीन को पॉलीमराइज़ करके बनाया जाता है, जिसका इस्तेमाल मुख्य रूप से प्लास्टिक की थैलियों और अन्य पैकेजिंग वस्तुओं के लिए किया जाता है। इसकी खोज जर्मन वैज्ञानिक हैंस वॉन पेचमैन ने गलती से की थी। वह उस समय सामग्री के महत्व से अनजान थे।
राकेश और उसके चचेरे भाई रोहित ने जानना चाहा कि इतने सारे पॉलीथिन बैग क्यों हैं। राकेश के पिता ने उन्हें बताया कि पॉलीथीन बैग सस्ते और ले जाने में आसान होते हैं और उन्हें फेंक कर निपटाना भी आसान होता है। यही कारण है कि उनका व्यापक रूप से उपयोग किया जाता है।
वे 1960 या 70 के दशक के दौरान मुश्किल से पाए गए थे, लेकिन श्रीनगर में रिपोर्टों के अनुसार, हर दिन लगभग दो लाख पॉलिथीन बैग रोजमर्रा की गतिविधियों के लिए उपयोग किए जाते हैं।
रोहित ने राकेश के पिता से पूछा कि क्या पॉलीथिन की थैलियां बायोडिग्रेडेबल हैं। राकेश के पिता ने उसे बताया कि पॉलीथिन की थैलियां नॉन बायोडिग्रेडेबल होती हैं। हम इन्हें जला भी नहीं सकते क्योंकि इससे वायु प्रदूषण होता है।
रोहित ने पॉलीथिन के हानिकारक प्रभावों के बारे में भी पूछा। राकेश के पिता ने जवाब दिया कि पॉलीथिन हमारे लिए कई तरह से हानिकारक है। यह मलेरिया और हैजा जैसी बीमारियों का कारण बनता है और मिट्टी की बांझपन को बढ़ाता है। यह सीवरेज और पानी के पाइप को अवरुद्ध करता है, जिससे बाढ़ आती है। यह पानी में और उसके नीचे रहने वाले पौधों और जानवरों के लिए भी कई समस्याएं पैदा करता है क्योंकि नदियाँ, झीलें और छोटी-छोटी धाराएँ पॉलीथिन बैग के लिए डंपिंग साइट बन गई हैं।
यह जैव आवर्धन के माध्यम से खाद्य श्रृंखलाओं में प्रवेश करके पारिस्थितिक संतुलन को बिगाड़ देता है। पॉलीथिन एक पेट्रोलियम उत्पाद है और इसके कैंसर पैदा करने वाले एजेंट होने का संदेह है। पॉलीथिन से एड्स और घनास्त्रता भी हो सकती है।
रोहित ने मिट्टी पर पॉलीथिन प्रदूषण के प्रभाव के बारे में पूछा। उन्होंने उत्तर दिया कि पॉलीथिन एक अजैव निम्नीकरणीय और अभेद्य पदार्थ है और लंबे समय तक मिट्टी में रहता है। यह मिट्टी की वहन क्षमता को कम करके और मिट्टी प्रणाली के श्वसन को काटकर मिट्टी के पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र को नुकसान पहुंचाता है जो पौधों के जीवन और मिट्टी में रहने वाले अन्य जीवों को प्रभावित करता है।
राकेश ने पूछा कि पॉलीथिन के इस्तेमाल से जानवर कैसे प्रभावित होते हैं। उनके पिता ने जवाब दिया कि सड़कों पर पॉलीथिन की थैलियां अक्सर आवारा जानवर खा जाते हैं जिससे उनकी मौत हो सकती है। पॉलीथिन प्रदूषण के कारण हर साल लगभग एक अरब समुद्री जानवर मर जाते हैं।
आखिर में राकेश ने पूछा कि सरकार ने इसके इस्तेमाल पर प्रतिबंध क्यों लगाया है। उनके पिता ने जवाब दिया कि कई देशों की सरकारें पहले ही पॉलिथीन के इस्तेमाल पर रोक लगा चुकी हैं। जम्मू और कश्मीर सरकार ने भी एक कानून बनाया है (SRO-182, दिनांक 18/6/2008 के अनुसार) जिसके द्वारा राज्य के भीतर इसके उपयोग पर प्रतिबंध लगा दिया गया है। लेकिन यह भी लोगों की जिम्मेदारी है कि वे इसके इस्तेमाल से पूरी तरह बचें ताकि हम खुद को और अपनी आने वाली पीढ़ियों को पॉलीथिन के हानिकारक प्रभावों से बचा सकें।
Polythene A Disaster Class 8 Short Summary
“Polythene A Disaster” is a conversation about polythene in which two children Rakesh and Rohit asked several questions about polythene and its harmful effects. Rakesh, Rohit, Rakesh’s father and Rakesh’s uncle are the people involved in the conversation. Rakesh and Rohit asked the following questions about polythene:
Rakesh asked
- Why was there so much stink outside the house?
- What is polythene
- Who discovered it?
- Why are there so many polythene bags?
- Does polythene affect animals also?
- Why doesn’t the government ban its use?
Rohit asked
- Why are there so many polythene bags?
- Whether polythene bags were biodegradable or not?
- What are the harmful effects of polythene?
- How does polythene affect the soil?
Rakesh’s father and his uncle answered these questions. Polythene bags are the reason for the stink outside the house. Polythene is tough, light flexible synthetic resin made by polymerizing ethylene. Polythene is discovered by a German scientist, Hans von Pechmann.
Polythene is largely used for packaging and storing and is most widely used in carrying bags. It is so many polythene bags in the surrounding because they are cheap and easy to carry and also are easy to dispose of by throwing them away. According to media reports, about two lakh plastic bags are used every day in Srinagar.
Polythene is non-degradable in the sense that it is not degraded easily and will take hundreds of years to degrade. We cannot also them because it causes immense air pollution.
Polythene is harmful to us in many ways. It is responsible for causing several diseases like malaria, cholera etc. It also increases soil infertility and also responsible for blocking sewage and water pipes. Polythene waste is also responsible for organic pollution in the ocean and seas. As it is a petroleum product, it is also a suspected cancer-causing agent. It can also cause AIDS and thrombosis.
Polythene decreases the soil fertility and water retention capacity of the soil. Due to its impermeable nature, it cuts off the oxygen supply in soil and affects the plants and other living creatures in the soil.
Polythene also affects animals. We see several stray animals eat polythene bags lying on the roads which can cause their death. According to an estimate, about 1 billion marine animals die every year due to polythene pollution.
The governments of several countries have already banned the use of plastic. The government of Jammu Kashmir have also banned its use under the law (Vide SRO – 182, dated 18/06/2008).
That’s all about Polythene A Disaster Class 8 Summary and Word Meanings. Hope it has helped. Do share your views about this post in the comment section below.
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